Vacuum-assisted Mini-percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for 2–3-cm Renal Stones: A Comparative Study with Retrograde Intra-renal Surgery

This study compares two minimally invasive surgical approaches for treating medium-sized kidney stones (2-3 cm): vacuum-assisted mini-PCNL versus RIRS. The research evaluates which technique offers superior outcomes in terms of stone clearance, operative time, complications, and patient recovery for this specific stone size range.