Preoperative cardiopulmonary evaluation in specific neonatal surgery

This review examines cardiopulmonary evaluation strategies for surgical neonates, focusing on congenital diaphragmatic hernia management with echocardiography, screening for VACTERL associations in esophageal atresia and anorectal malformations, and managing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ex-preterm infants. Emphasizes balancing surgical timing against anesthesia risks and postoperative apnea in all neonatal populations.